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                <h2 id="一、Java语言基础"><a href="#一、Java语言基础" class="headerlink" title="一、Java语言基础"></a>一、Java语言基础</h2><h4 id="1-程序基本结构"><a href="#1-程序基本结构" class="headerlink" title="1. 程序基本结构"></a>1. 程序基本结构</h4><blockquote>
<p>基本结构大体可以分为：包、类、main()主方法、标识符、关键字、语句和注释等</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">package myJava;//声明类所在的包,所在文件夹的名字

public class test_1 {//定义的类名必须与文件名相同
    static String s1 = "你好";//全局变量
    public static void main(String[] args){//每个程序必须含有一个主类包含main（）方法
        String s2 = "Java";//局部变量
        System.out.println(s1);
        System.out.println(s2);
    }
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>main()方法是类体中的主方法，该方法从“{”号开始，至“}”号结束</li>
<li>public、static和void分别是main()方法的权限修饰符、静态修饰符和返回值修饰符，Java程序中的main()方法必须声明为 <strong>public static void</strong>。</li>
<li>String[] args是一个字符串类型的数组，它是main()方法的参数</li>
<li>main()方法是程序开始执行的位置。</li>
<li>每一条语句需要使用 <code>;</code> 结尾</li>
<li><strong>定义的类名必须与文件名相同</strong>，包的名字就是在src文件夹下.java文件所在的位置。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="2-标识符与关键字"><a href="#2-标识符与关键字" class="headerlink" title="2.标识符与关键字"></a>2.标识符与关键字</h4><h6 id="标识符"><a href="#标识符" class="headerlink" title="标识符"></a>标识符</h6><ul>
<li><strong>定义</strong>：一个名字，用来标识类名、变量名、方法名、数组名、对象名等</li>
<li><strong>规则</strong>：由字母、数字、下划线和美元符号组成，第一个字符不能为数字。区分大小写。使用Unicode标准字符集，可以识别65535个字符。</li>
</ul>
<h6 id="关键字"><a href="#关键字" class="headerlink" title="关键字"></a>关键字</h6><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>int</th>
<th>public</th>
<th>this</th>
<th>finally</th>
<th>boolean</th>
<th>abstract</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>continue</td>
<td>float</td>
<td>long</td>
<td>short</td>
<td>throw</td>
<td>throws</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>return</td>
<td>break</td>
<td>for</td>
<td>static</td>
<td>new</td>
<td>interface</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>if</td>
<td>double</td>
<td>default</td>
<td>byte</td>
<td>do</td>
<td>case</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>stricpft</td>
<td>package</td>
<td>super</td>
<td>void</td>
<td>try</td>
<td>switch</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>else</td>
<td>catch</td>
<td>implements</td>
<td>private</td>
<td>final</td>
<td>class</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>extends</td>
<td>volatile</td>
<td>while</td>
<td>synchronized</td>
<td>instanceof</td>
<td>char</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>protecte</td>
<td>importd</td>
<td>transient</td>
<td>implements</td>
<td>defaule</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h4 id="3-基本数据类型"><a href="#3-基本数据类型" class="headerlink" title="3.基本数据类型"></a>3.基本数据类型</h4><h6 id="整数类型"><a href="#整数类型" class="headerlink" title="整数类型"></a>整数类型</h6><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>数据类型</th>
<th>内存空间（8位一个字节）</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>byte</td>
<td>8位</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>short</td>
<td>16位</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>int</td>
<td>32位</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>long</td>
<td>64位</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">public class Number { // 创建类
	public static void main(String[] args) { // 主方法
		byte mybyte = 124; // 声明byte型变量并赋值
		short myshort = 32564; // 声明short型变量并赋值
		int myint = 45784612; // 声明int型变量并赋值
		long mylong = 46789451; // 声明long型变量并赋值
		long result = mybyte + myshort + myint + mylong;// 获得各数相加后的结果
		System.out.println("结果为：" + result); // 将以上变量相加的结果输出
	}
}
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="浮点类型"><a href="#浮点类型" class="headerlink" title="浮点类型"></a>浮点类型</h6><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>数据类型</th>
<th>内存空间</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>float</td>
<td>32位</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>double</td>
<td>64位</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">public class SumNumber {
    public static void main(String args[]){
        float f1 = 13.24f;
        double d1 = 4526.125d;
        double d2 = 876921.77812;
        double result = f1+d1+d2;
        System.out.println(result);
    }
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="字符类型"><a href="#字符类型" class="headerlink" title="字符类型"></a>字符类型</h6><blockquote>
<p>使用char关键字声明，分配<strong>两个字节</strong>空间，用<strong>单引号括起来</strong>，单引号中只能由<strong>一个字符</strong>。</p>
<p>多了就不是字符类型了，而是字符串类型，需要用双引号进行声明。</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">public class Gess { // 定义类
	public static void main(String[] args) { // 主方法
		char word = 'd', word2 = '@'; // 定义char型变量
		int p = 23045, p2 = 45213; // 定义int型变量
		System.out.println("d在unicode表中的顺序位置是：" + (int) word);
		System.out.println("@在unicode表中的顺序位置是：" + (int) word2);
		System.out.println("unicode表中的第23045位是：" + (char) p);
		System.out.println("unicode表中的第45213位是：" + (char) p2);
	}
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>可以和unicode码之间转换</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>转义字符</li>
</ul>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>转义字符</th>
<th>含义</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>\ddd</td>
<td>1~3位八进制数据所表示的字符</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\dxxxx</td>
<td>4位16精致所表示的字符</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\`</td>
<td>单引号字符</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\\</td>
<td>反斜杠</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\t</td>
<td>垂直制表符</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\r</td>
<td>回车</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\n</td>
<td>换行</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\b</td>
<td>退格</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\f</td>
<td>换页</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">public class SumNumber {
    public static void main(String args[]){
        char char1 = '\\';
        char char2 = '\u2605';
        System.out.println("输出反斜杠: "+char1);
        System.out.println("输出五角星: "+char2);
    }
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="布尔类型"><a href="#布尔类型" class="headerlink" title="布尔类型"></a>布尔类型</h6><pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">boolean b1 = true,b2=fasle,b3;<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h4 id="4-变量与常量"><a href="#4-变量与常量" class="headerlink" title="4.变量与常量"></a>4.变量与常量</h4><h6 id="声明变量"><a href="#声明变量" class="headerlink" title="声明变量"></a>声明变量</h6><blockquote>
<p>定义一个变量，需要告诉编译器这个变量属于那种<strong>类型</strong>。</p>
<p>变量名必须是合法的标识符。</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>可以在声明变量时赋值</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">int age;
char char1 = 'r';<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>java中变量命名规则<ul>
<li>变量名必须是有效的标识符</li>
<li>变量名不能重复</li>
<li>选择有意义的单词作为变量名</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h6 id="声明常量"><a href="#声明常量" class="headerlink" title="声明常量"></a>声明常量</h6><blockquote>
<p>使用关键字<strong>final</strong>修饰。整个程序中只能<strong>赋值一次</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">public class Part { // 新建类Part
	// 声明常量PI，此时如不对PI进行赋值，则会出现错误提示
	static final double PI = 3.14;
	static int age = 23; // 声明int型变量age并进行赋值
	
	public static void main(String[] args) { // 主方法
		final int number; // 声明int型常量number
		number = 1235; // 对常量进行赋值
		age = 22; // 再次对变量进行赋值
		// number = 1236;
		// //错误的代码，因为number为常量，只能进行一次赋值
		System.out.println("常量PI的值为：" + PI); // 将PI的值输出
		System.out.println("赋值后number的值为:" +number);//将number的值输出
		System.out.println("int型变量age的值为：" + age); // 将age的值输出
	}
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="变量的有效范围"><a href="#变量的有效范围" class="headerlink" title="变量的有效范围"></a>变量的有效范围</h6><blockquote>
<p>程序代码能够访问变量的区域。分为<strong>成员变量和局部变量</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><strong>成员变量</strong></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>在类中定义的变量。在整个类中有效。分为<strong>静态变量和实例变量</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">class var{
		int x = 45;							//实例变量
		static int y =90;				//静态变量
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li><strong>静态变量</strong></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>使用关键字<strong>static</strong>修饰，<strong>有效范围可以跨类</strong>，甚至整个程序。</p>
<p>还可以<strong>“类名.静态变量”</strong>的方式在<strong>其他类中使用</strong>。</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>局部变量</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>只能在定义的大括号内有效</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">public class Val { // 新建类
	static int times = 3; // 定义成员变量times
	
	public static void main(String[] args) { // 主方法
		int times = 4; // 定义局部变量times
		System.out.println("times的值为：" + times); // 将times的值输出
	}
}
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h4 id="5-运算符"><a href="#5-运算符" class="headerlink" title="5.运算符"></a>5.运算符</h4><h6 id="赋值运算符"><a href="#赋值运算符" class="headerlink" title="赋值运算符"></a>赋值运算符</h6><blockquote>
<p>**=**，二元运算符,其功能是将右方操作数所含的值赋值给左方的操作数。</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">public class Eval { // 创建类
	public static void main(String[] args) { // 主方法
		int a, b, c; // 声明int行变量a,b,c
		a = 15; // 将15赋值给变量a
		c = b = a + 4; // 将a与4的和赋值给变量b，然后再赋值给变量c
		System.out.println("c值为：" + c); // 将变量c的值输出
		System.out.println("b值为：" + b); // 将变量b的值输出
	}
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="算数运算符"><a href="#算数运算符" class="headerlink" title="算数运算符"></a>算数运算符</h6><blockquote>
<p>Java中的算术运算符主要有+（加号）、-（减号）、*（乘号）、/（除号）和%（求余），它们都是二元运算符。</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">public class Arith { // 创建类
	public static void main(String[] args) { // 主方法
		float number1 = 45.56f; // 声明float型变量并赋值
		int number2 = 152; // 声明int型变量并赋值
		System.out.println("和为：" + number1 + number2); // 将变量相加之和输出
		System.out.println("差为：" + (number2-number1));//将变量相减之差输出
		System.out.println("积为：" + number1 * number2); // 将变量相乘的积输出
		System.out.println("商为：" + number1 / number2); // 将变量相除的商输出
	}
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="自增和自减运算符"><a href="#自增和自减运算符" class="headerlink" title="自增和自减运算符"></a>自增和自减运算符</h6><blockquote>
<p>自增、自减运算符是单目运算符，可以放在操作元之前，也可以放在操作元之后。操作元必须是一个整型或浮点型变量。放在操作元前面的自增、自减运算符，会先将变量的值加1（减1），然后再使该变量参与表达式的运算；放在操作元后面的自增、自减运算符，会先使变量参与表达式的运算，然后再将该变量加1（减1）</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">++a(--a)  //在使用变量a之前，先使a的值加（减）1
a++(a--)  //在使用变量a之后，使a的值加（减）1<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>具体例子</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">a=4；
b=++a						//a=5，b=5
b=a++						//a=5，b=4<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="比较运算符"><a href="#比较运算符" class="headerlink" title="比较运算符"></a>比较运算符</h6><blockquote>
<p><code>&gt;、&lt;、==、 &gt;= 、&lt;= 、!=</code></p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>比较运算符属于二元运算符，用于程序中的变量和变量之间、变量和常量之间以及其他类型的信息之间的比较。比较运算符的运算结果是boolean型，当运算符对应的关系成立时，运算结果是true，否则结果是false。比较运算符通常用在条件语句中来作为判断的依据。</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">public class Compare { // 创建类
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		int number1 = 4; // 声明int型变量number1
		int number2 = 5; // 声明int型变量number2
		System.out.println("number1&gt;number的返回值为：" +(number1 &gt; number2));
		/* 依次将变量number1与变量number2的比较结果输出 */
		System.out.println("number1&lt;number2的返回值为："+(number1 &lt; number2));
		System.out.println("number1==number2返回值为："+(number1== number2));
		System.out.println("number1!=number2返回值为："+(number1 != number2));
		System.out.println("number1&gt;= number2返回值为："+(number1 &gt;= number2));
		System.out.println("number1&lt;=number2返回值为："+(number1 &lt;= number2));
	}
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="逻辑运算符"><a href="#逻辑运算符" class="headerlink" title="逻辑运算符"></a>逻辑运算符</h6><blockquote>
<p><code>&amp;&amp;</code>（<code>&amp;</code>）（逻辑与）、<code>||</code>（<code>|</code>）（逻辑或）、<code>!</code>（逻辑非）</p>
<p>返回值为布尔类型的表达式，操作元也必须是boolean型数据</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">public class Calculation { // 创建类
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		int a = 2; // 声明int型变量a
		int b = 5; // 声明int型变量b
		// 声明布尔型变量，用于保存应用逻辑运算符“&amp;&amp;”后的返回值
		boolean result = ((a &gt; b) &amp;&amp; (a != b));
		// 声明布尔型变量，用于保存应用逻辑运算符“||”后的返回值
		boolean result2 = ((a &gt; b) || (a != b));
		System.out.println(result); // 将变量result输出
		System.out.println(result2); // 将变量result2输出
	}
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>区别：使用<code>&amp;</code>时会判断左右两边式子，使用<code>&amp;&amp;</code>如果一边位false，就不判断右边了，节省计算机判断的次数。</p>
</blockquote>
<h6 id="位运算"><a href="#位运算" class="headerlink" title="位运算"></a>位运算</h6><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>运算符</th>
<th>含义</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>~</td>
<td>按位取反</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&amp;</td>
<td>按位与</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>|</td>
<td>按位或</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>^</td>
<td>按位异或</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&lt;&lt;</td>
<td>左移</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&gt;&gt;</td>
<td>右移</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&gt;&gt;&gt;</td>
<td>无符号右移</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h6 id="指定运算"><a href="#指定运算" class="headerlink" title="指定运算"></a>指定运算</h6><p><code>+=、-=、*=、/=、%=、&amp;=、|=、^=、&lt;&lt;=、&gt;&gt;=</code></p>
<h6 id="三元运算符"><a href="#三元运算符" class="headerlink" title="三元运算符"></a>三元运算符</h6><blockquote>
<p> <code>条件？值1：值2；</code></p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">boolean b = 20&lt;45?true:false<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>等价于</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">public class Calculation {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		boolean a;
		if (20 &lt; 45)
			a = true;
		else
			a = false;
	}
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>instanceof运算符</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>二目运算符，左边是对象，右边是类，返回ture或false</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">int a;
if( a isinstanceof int)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="运算符优先级"><a href="#运算符优先级" class="headerlink" title="运算符优先级"></a>运算符优先级</h6><p><img src="https://gitee.com/liangxinixn/blog002/raw/master/image01/clipbadsdsoard.png"></p>
<p>范例1：<strong>不适用其他变量实现两变量互换</strong></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">import java.util.Scanner;

public class VariableExchange {
    public static void main(String args[]){
        Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入变量A的值");
        long A = scan.nextLong();
        System.out.println("请输入变量B的值");
        long B = scan.nextLong();
        System.out.println("A="+A+"\tB="+B);
        System.out.println("执行变量互换……");
        A = A^B;
        B = B^A;
        A = A^B;
        System.out.println("A="+A+"\tB="+B);
    }
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>


<p>范例2：<strong>判断数字的奇偶性</strong></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">import java.util.Scanner;
public class ParityCheck {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入一个整数：");
        long number = scan.nextLong();
        String check = (number % 2 == 0)?"这个数字是：偶数":"这个数字是：奇数";
        System.out.println(check);
    }
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h4 id="6-类型转换"><a href="#6-类型转换" class="headerlink" title="6.类型转换"></a>6.类型转换</h4><h6 id="自动类型转换"><a href="#自动类型转换" class="headerlink" title="自动类型转换"></a>自动类型转换</h6><blockquote>
<p>当不同类型变量一起运算时，最终结果自动转换位精度高的类型。</p>
<p>（<code>byte、short、char</code>）-&gt; int -&gt;long -&gt; float -&gt;double</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">//隐式类型转换
int x=1；
float y=x；<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="强制类型转换"><a href="#强制类型转换" class="headerlink" title="强制类型转换"></a>强制类型转换</h6><pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">public class Practice { // 创建类
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		long mylong = 45789;
		byte mybyte = 123;
		short myshort = 32564;
		int myint1 = (int) mylong;
		int myint2 = (int) myshort;
		int myint3 = (int) mybyte;
		System.out.println(myint1);
		System.out.println(myint2);
		System.out.println(myint3);
	}
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>unicode编码转换</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">package test1;

public class zifuchuan {
    public static void main (String[] args){
        char chinaWord = '好';
        int position = 20320;
        System.out.println("汉字"+chinaWord+"的位置:"+(int)chinaWord);//汉字好的位置:22909
        System.out.println(position+"位置上的字符串是"+(char)position);//20320位置上的字符串是你
    }
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h4 id="7-代码注释与编码规范"><a href="#7-代码注释与编码规范" class="headerlink" title="7.代码注释与编码规范"></a>7.代码注释与编码规范</h4><h6 id="代码注释"><a href="#代码注释" class="headerlink" title="代码注释"></a>代码注释</h6><ul>
<li>单行注释</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">//注释内容<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>多行注释</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">/*
		注释1
		注释2
*/<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>文档注释</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">/**
		*程序名称: Hello word
		*作者:lxx
*/<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="编码规范"><a href="#编码规范" class="headerlink" title="编码规范"></a>编码规范</h6><ol>
<li>每条语句单独占一行</li>
<li>每条命令以分号结尾</li>
<li>声明变量时分行声明</li>
<li>多个空格看成一个（在指定变量类型时）</li>
</ol>
<p>范例1：<strong>判断某一年是否是闰年</strong></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">import java.util.Scanner;

public class LeapYear {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入一个年份：");
        long year = scan.nextLong();
        if(year % 4 ==0&amp;&amp;100!=0||year%400==0){
            System.out.println(year+"年是闰年");
        }else {
            System.out.println(year+"年不是闰年");
        }
    }
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h2 id="二、流程控制"><a href="#二、流程控制" class="headerlink" title="二、流程控制"></a>二、流程控制</h2><h4 id="1-复合语句"><a href="#1-复合语句" class="headerlink" title="1.复合语句"></a>1.复合语句</h4><blockquote>
<p>复合语句由开括号 <code>{</code> 开始，闭括号<code>}</code>结束，以整个块区位单位。可以在复合语句中签到复合语句。</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">public class Compound {
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		int x = 20;
		{										//++++++++++++++复合语句++++++		
			int y = 40;
			System.out.println(y);
			int z = 245;
			boolean b;
			{														//----- 复合语句---------
				b = y &gt; z;								
				System.out.println(b);   
			}														//----- 复合语句---------
		}										//++++++++++++++ 复合语句+++++++
		String word = "hello java";
		System.out.println(word);
	}
}
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h4 id="2-条件与语句"><a href="#2-条件与语句" class="headerlink" title="2.条件与语句"></a>2.条件与语句</h4><h6 id="if条件语句"><a href="#if条件语句" class="headerlink" title="if条件语句"></a>if条件语句</h6><pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">public class Getif { // 创建类
	public static void main(String args[]) { // 主方法
		int x = 45; // 声明int型变量x，并赋给初值
		int y = 12; // 声明int型变量y，并赋给初值
		if (x &gt; y) { // 判断x是否大于y
			System.out.println("变量x大于变量y"); // 如果条件成立，输出的信息
		}
		if (x &lt; y) { // 判断x是否小于y
			System.out.println("变量x小于变量y"); // 如果条件成立，输出的信息
		}
	}
}
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="if···else语句"><a href="#if···else语句" class="headerlink" title="if···else语句"></a>if···else语句</h6><pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">public class Getifelse {
	public static void main(String args[]) { // 主方法
		int math = 95; // 声明int型局部变量，并赋给初值95
		int english = 56; // 声明int型局部变量，并赋给初值56
		if (math &gt; 60) { // 使用if语句判断math是否大于60
			System.out.println("数学及格了"); // 条件成立时输出信息
		} else {
			System.out.println("数学没有及格"); // 条件不成立输出的信息
		}
		if (english &gt; 60) { // 判断英语成绩是否大于60
			System.out.println("英语及格了"); // 条件成立输出的信息
		} else {
			System.out.println("英语没有及格"); // 条件不成立输出的信息
		}
	}
}
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="if多分支语句"><a href="#if多分支语句" class="headerlink" title="if多分支语句"></a>if多分支语句</h6><pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">public class GetTerm { // 创建主类
	public static void main(String args[]) { // 主方法
		int x = 20; // 声明int型局部变量
		if (x &gt; 30) { // 判断变量x是否大于30
			System.out.println("a的值大于30"); // 条件成立的输出信息
		} else if (x &gt; 10) { // 判断变量x是否大于10
			System.out.println("a的值大于10，但小于30"); // 条件成立的输出信息
		} else if (x &gt; 0) { // 判断变量x是否大于0
			System.out.println("a的值大于0，但小于10"); // 条件成立的输出信息
		} else { // 当以上条件都不成立时，执行的语句块
			System.out.println("a的值小于0"); // 输出信息
		}
	}
}
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="switch多分支语句"><a href="#switch多分支语句" class="headerlink" title="switch多分支语句"></a>switch多分支语句</h6><blockquote>
<p>多个case没有需要处理的语句，可以<strong>省略break</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">public class GetSwitch { // 创建类
	public static void main(String args[]) { // 主方法
		int week = 2; // 定义int型变量week
		switch (week) { // 指定switch语句的表达式为变量week
			case 1: // 定义case语句中的常量为1
				System.out.println("Monday"); // 输出信息
				break;
			case 2: // 定义case语句中的常量为2
				System.out.println("Tuesday");
				break;
			case 3: // 定义case语句中的常量为3
				System.out.println("Wednesday");
				break;
			default: // default语句
				System.out.println("Sorry,I don't Know");
		}
	}
}
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h4 id="3-循环语句"><a href="#3-循环语句" class="headerlink" title="3.循环语句"></a>3.循环语句</h4><h6 id="while循环语句"><a href="#while循环语句" class="headerlink" title="while循环语句"></a>while循环语句</h6><pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">public class GetSum { // 创建类
	public static void main(String args[]) { // 主方法
		int x = 1; // 定义int型变量x，并赋给初值
		int sum = 0; // 定义变量用于保存相加后的结果
		while (x &lt;= 10) {
			sum = sum + x; // while循环语句当变量满足条件表达式时执行循环体语句
			x++;
		}
		System.out.println("sum = " + sum); // 将变量sum输出
	}
}
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="do……while循环语句"><a href="#do……while循环语句" class="headerlink" title="do……while循环语句"></a>do……while循环语句</h6><pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">public class Cycle {
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		int a = 100; // 声明int型变量a并赋初值100
		while (a == 60) // 指定进入循环体条件
		{
			System.out.println("ok1"); // while语句循环体
			a--;
		}
		int b = 100; // 声明int型变量b并赋初值100
		do {
			System.out.println("ok2"); // do…while语句循环体
			b--;
		} while (b == 60); // 指定循环结束条件
	}
}
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="for循环语句"><a href="#for循环语句" class="headerlink" title="for循环语句"></a>for循环语句</h6><pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">public class Circulate { // 创建类Circulate
	public static void main(String args[]) { // 主方法
		int sum = 0; // 声明变量，用于保存各数相加后的结果
		for (int i = 2; i &lt;= 100; i += 2) {
			sum = sum + i; // 指定循环条件及循环体
		}
		// 将相加后的结果输出
		System.out.println("2到100之间的所有偶数之和为：" + sum); 
	}
}
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="foreach语句"><a href="#foreach语句" class="headerlink" title="foreach语句"></a>foreach语句</h6><pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">public class Repetition { // 创建类Repetition
	public static void main(String args[]) { // 主方法
		int arr[] = { 7, 10, 1 }; // 声明一维数组
		System.out.println("一维数组中的元素分别为："); // 输出信息
		for (int x : arr) {
		//foreach语句，int x引用的变量，arr指定要循环遍历的数组，最后将x输出
			System.out.println(x);
		}
	}
}
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>范例3：<strong>使用while循环遍历数组</strong></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">public class ErgodicArray {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String[] aves = new String[] {"aa","bb","dd","tt","rr"};
        int index = 0;
        System.out.println("输出数组内容：");
        while(index&lt;aves.length){
            System.out.println(aves[index++]+"  ");
        }
    }
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>范例4：<strong>使用for循环输出九九乘法表</strong></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">public class MultiplicationTable {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for(int i=1;i&lt;=9;i++){
            for (int j=1;j&lt;=i;j++){
                System.out.print(j+"*"+i+"="+i*j+"\t"); //输出结果不换行
            }
            System.out.println();   //换行
        }
    }
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h4 id="4-跳转语句"><a href="#4-跳转语句" class="headerlink" title="4.跳转语句"></a>4.跳转语句</h4><h6 id="break语句"><a href="#break语句" class="headerlink" title="break语句"></a>break语句</h6><blockquote>
<p>跳出循环</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">public class BreakTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		for (int i = 0; i &lt;= 100; i++) {
			System.out.println(i);
			if (i == 6) {//如果i等于6则跳出循环
				break;
			}
		}
		System.out.println("---end---");//显示程序结束
	}
}<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">public class BreakInsideNested {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		for (int i = 0; i &lt; 3; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j &lt; 6; j++) {
				if (j == 4) {// 如果j等于4的时候就结束内部循环
					break;
				}
				System.out.println("i=" + i + " j=" + j);
			}
		}
	}
}
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>可以使用标签</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">public class BreakOutsideNested {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Loop: for (int i = 0; i &lt; 3; i++) {// 在for循环前用标签标记
			for (int j = 0; j &lt; 6; j++) {
				if (j == 4) {// 如果j等于4的时候就结束外层循环
					break Loop;// 跳出Loop标签标记的循环体
				}
				System.out.println("i=" + i + " j=" + j);
			}
		}
	}
}
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="continue语句"><a href="#continue语句" class="headerlink" title="continue语句"></a>continue语句</h6><blockquote>
<p>跳过后面的语句，进入下一次循环</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">public class ContinueTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		for (int i = 1; i &lt; 20; i++) {
			if (i % 2 == 0) {// 如果i是偶数
				continue;// 跳到下一循环
			}
			System.out.println(i);// 输出i的值
		}
	}
}
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="return语句"><a href="#return语句" class="headerlink" title="return语句"></a>return语句</h6><blockquote>
<p>从一个方法中返回</p>
</blockquote>

                
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